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Medications: There are no drugs specifically approved for BPD, but medications can be used to treat symptoms like mood swings, depression, or other co-occurring mental disorders.Types of psychotherapy used include dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and schema-focused therapy. Psychotherapy: The primary treatment for BPD.Neurobiological Factors: Issues in brain chemicals may also play a part in BPD.īPD is often treated with a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and support:.Environmental Factors: Experiences of trauma, such as physical or sexual abuse during childhood, neglect, or loss.Brain Structure and Function: Changes in certain areas of the brain involved in emotion regulation, impulsiveness, and aggression.Genetics: A family history of BPD may increase the risk.Some potential causes and risk factors include: The exact cause of BPD is not entirely understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and social factors. Transient, Stress-Related Paranoid Ideation or Severe Dissociative Symptoms.Ĭauses of Borderline Personality Disorder.Inappropriate, Intense Anger or Difficulty Controlling Anger: Frequent displays of temper, constant anger, or physical fights.Affective Instability: Due to a marked reactivity of mood.Recurrent Suicidal Behavior or Self-Harming Behavior: Such as threats or gestures, or self-mutilation.Impulsivity in At Least Two Areas: These areas are potentially self-damaging, such as spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, and binge eating.Identity Disturbance: Markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.Unstable and Intense Relationships: Alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation.Frantic Efforts to Avoid Abandonment: This includes both real and imagined scenarios of abandonment.The DSM-5 outlines nine key criteria for BPD, and a diagnosis typically requires that an individual exhibits at least five of these symptoms: DSM-5 Criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder
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According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), BPD is categorized as a personality disorder and is distinguished by specific criteria that healthcare professionals use for diagnosis. These symptoms often result in impulsive actions and problems in relationships with others. These findings lend support to a developmental subtype for PTSD.Ĭopyright © 2012 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a complex mental health disorder characterized by a pattern of varying moods, self-image, and behavior. When stratified by age (3-4 years and 5-6 years), diagnoses were still significantly elevated compared to controls. Evidence for convergent validation for the proposed diagnoses was shown with elevations on comorbid disorders and Child Behavior Checklist Total scores compared to a control group (n = 46). The additional symptoms had little impact. The misclassified cases were highly symptomatic, M = 7 or more symptoms, and functionally impaired, median = 2 domains impaired. The proposed criteria sets showed high agreement on the presence (100%), but low agreement on the absence (58-64%) of diagnoses. Using DSM-IV as the standard, the misclassification rate was 32% for PTSD-AA, 32% for DSM-5, and 37% for DSM-5-UC. The DSM-IV criteria resulted in significantly fewer cases (13%) compared to an alternative algorithm for young children (PTSD-AA, 45%), the proposed DSM-5 posttraumatic stress in preschool children (44%), and the DSM-5 criteria with 2 symptoms that are under consideration by the committee (DSM-5-UC, 49%). Four diagnostic criteria sets were examined in 284 3- to 6-year-old trauma-exposed children. Prior studies have argued that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria were insensitive for diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young children.